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Surface grinders are used to abrade the surfaces of flat parts to improve their finishes and tolerances. Surface grinders use a stationary rotating abrasive wheel, which is fed to the workpiece using a moving bed. The surface grinder is one of the most common grinding machines in machine shops.

 A cylindrical grinder, as the name suggests, grinds the surfaces of cylindrical objects that can be mounted on a central axis of rotation. Common targets include: cylinders, pistons, rods, bars, and tubes. There are different variations of cylindrical grinders but the most common works similarly to a lathe — the cylindrical workpiece is placed between a head and tailstock. The cylinder is then rotated and a grinding wheel rotates to oppose it. The grinding wheel can move in and out toward the a

 A centerless grinder is used to grind parts that have no set axes of rotation. The centerless grinder uses two wheels which both rotate in the same direction. One of the wheels will rotate in a stationary position (it is called the regulating wheel) and the other (the abrasive wheel) will not only rotate but also apply pressure to the part as it grinds. The workpiece is passed between the two grinding wheels so they can create a continuous diameter or a taper.  

 A form grinder is a machine that uses the geometry of the grinding surface to impart its specialized dimensions to the part being ground. One example of form grinding is gear grinding where the disc used to cut the teeth of the gear wheel is shaped with the exact dimensions of the final product. 

 Plunge-cut grinding (also known as in-feed grinding) is similar to center grinding. This process grinds the outer surface of an object which is held between a head and tailstock. The difference is that while center grinding cuts an object with a uniform diameter, the plunge cut style only creates a uniform diameter in the portion where the grinding wheel contacts it. 

A center grinder is a machine that grinds cylindrical shapes that have uniform axes of rotation such as cylindrical bars. These machines cannot grind cylinders that don’t have central axes of rotation such as camshafts (they require something like a jig grinder). A center grinder is a form of cylindrical grinder and works the same way as many lathes. The part is placed between the head and tail stock and rotated. The grinding wheel is then rotated the opposite way and makes contact with the part

 A tool and cutter grinder is specifically made to sharpen cutting tools such as: drill bits, milling cutters, reamers, and blades. The machine uses a stationary grinding wheel and a moveable spindle which holds the cutting tool to be sharpened. Tool and cutter grinding can be either manually or CNC controlled, which will have a big impact on the price. 

A jig grinder is a precision grinder for meeting fine tolerances and high-quality surface finishes on parts with complex geometries. A jig grinder uses a grinding tool on the end of an arm that has 3 degrees of freedom to grind circular, linear, and complex geometries in multiple locations. 

 A universal grinding machine is a stationary machine that can be used for both cylindrical and flat-surface grinding. Every universal grinder has a stationary rotating wheel and a holding fixture that together gives it 6 degrees of freedom. Universal grinders have a range of applications, as the name suggests. However, a common use is for sharpening all types of cutting tools. Universal grinders vary greatly in size from small workbench sizes, as in Figure 8, to much larger stand-alone units. 

Bore grinding, which is also known as internal grinding, inside diameter grinding, or inner diameter grinding, is a process used to precisely grind the inner circumference of a cylindrical and tapered workpiece. The workpiece is centered in a chuck which rotates the part at high speed, the grinding cylinder is then spun in the opposite direction and engaged with the inner surface of the workpiece.  d a description about this item

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For pieces difficult to clamp, the CNC Vertical Grinder can easily solve these challenges. With the processing versatility of the ATC automatic tool change system, inner diameter, outer diameter, and end face grinding can all be completed in one clamping process.

This integrated process helps ensure geometric accuracy, including concentricity and squareness. Therefore, vertical grinding machines are widely used in various industries such as machinery, bearings, and aerospace.